Description: Agathis borneensis is a tropical evergreen conifer belonging to the Araucariaceae family. It can grow up to 50-55 meters in height and develops a straight, cylindrical trunk, often free of branches for a considerable length. The bark is grey to brown and may become slightly rough or scaly with age. The leaves are thick, leathery, and elliptical, varying in size depending on the age of the tree.
Ecology: This species grows in tropical rainforests from lowland to upland areas, occurring at elevations from near sea level up to around 1,200-1,400 meters. It is found on a variety of soil types, including well-drained mineral soils and sandy peat soils. It may occur scattered within mixed forests or form locally dense stands.
General distribution: Agathis Borneensis is native to Southeast Asia, including Borneo, Sumatra, and Peninsular Malaysia.
Uses: The species produces a high-quality resin known as damar (copal), which has been widely used in varnishes, lacquers, and other industrial products. Traditionally, the resin has also been used as fuel, a waterproofing material, and in local applications. The wood is relatively easy to work with and is used for general construction, furniture, and other wood products, although it is less durable compared to harder tropical hardwoods.
Additional information: Due to long-term deforestation, populations of Agathis Borneensis have declined significantly in recent decades. The species is currently classified as endangered in conservation assessments.
Author of text and photos: Renna Maulana.
Photographed in Arboretum Sempaja, East Kalimantan, Indonesia, on 19 April 2026.
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