Description:Rhyticeros undulatus is a large hornbill species belonging to the Bucerotidae family. It can reach around 75-100 cm in length and is recognized by its predominantly black plumage and long white tail. The species shows clear sexual dimorphism. Males have a cream to reddish-brown head and neck, along with a bright yellow throat pouch marked with a black stripe, while females have a black head and neck with a bluish throat pouch. The bill is pale ivory in color and features characteristic grooves or “wreaths” near the base, which become more visible with age.
Related species: Rhyticeros undulatus is closely related to other hornbill species found in Southeast Asia, including Rhyticeros everetti and several members of the Bucerotidae family. It is also related to the Helmeted Hornbill (Rhinoplax vigil), although the species differ significantly in appearance and behavior.
Ecology: This species inhabits tropical and subtropical forests, especially primary rainforest areas. It is mainly frugivorous and feeds largely on figs from the genus Ficus, although it may also consume insects, small reptiles, and bird eggs. Wreathed hornbills play an important ecological role as seed dispersers and are often referred to as “forest farmers” because they help support natural forest regeneration. During the breeding season, the female seals herself inside a tree cavity while nesting, leaving only a narrow opening through which the male provides food.
General distribution: Rhyticeros undulatus is distributed across South and Southeast Asia, including northeastern India, Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, and parts of Indonesia such as Sumatra and Kalimantan.
Cultural significance: Hornbills in general hold important cultural significance among Dayak communities in Kalimantan and are often associated with traditional symbolism and ceremonial ornaments.
Additional information: The species is currently classified as Vulnerable according to the IUCN Red List due to habitat loss and hunting pressure. One of its most distinctive characteristics is the loud sound produced by its wingbeats during flight, which can be heard from a considerable distance.
Author of text and photos: Renna Maulana
Photographed in Rumah Ulin Arya, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia, on 10 May 2026.
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